Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation Essay

Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation - Essay Example ribed by Kouwenhoven et al as a means to resuscitate hearts that stopped beating, the intent was to use the procedure for sudden unexpected cardiac arrests in patients who were otherwise in good physiological condition. Kouwenhovens method of closed-chest cardiac compression improved the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) dramatically. In his first report of 20 patients undergoing CPR, Kouwenhoven had a 70% success rate (survival up to discharge). During the 40 years since the introduction of modern cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there have been many advances in the field of emergency cardiovascular care (ECC). Contrary to Kouwenhoven’s report, recent research has shown that people who experience traumatic cardiac arrest rarely survive outside the hospital. If the person has suffered blunt trauma, cardiac arrest prior to reaching the hospital carries a 99% mortality rate in spite of ongoing efforts at resuscitation after arrival at the hospital(Perina, 2005) . Approximately 1% to 6% of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ultimately survive the event, and although survival rates are somewhat better for in-hospital arrest patients, a recent comprehensive report observed that only 17% of these patients were discharged alive( Engdahl J,2002) Unsatisfactory results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures have for the most part attributed to its indiscriminate use. Various individual factors interfere with recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite the fact that the prediction of an individual outcome of such resuscitation is of great medical, ethical, and socio-economic interest, doubts about the decision whether or not to resuscitate a given patient, as well as about the consequences of either attitude, persist (Rogov, 1995). This decision should not be made only at the moment of cardiopulmonary arrest, but should also take the previous medical condition of the patient into account (Landry, 1992). Cardiopulmonary

Policing functions paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policing functions - Research Paper Example The agencies have separate agendas, motives and responsibilities and they follow separate protocols but all operate with the main aim of attaining the objective of providing security and peace to the US society. In US there are different roles of different policing agencies which they conduct at their own level and these roles have a major impact on the overall society of US. Body The primary and the most basic function of all policing agencies are to ensure that the laws are enforced, offenders are brought to justice, crime is prevented, peace and discipline is preserved and they even operate to provide various other services to the society of US. Several of the functions carried out by the law enforcement agencies tend to coexist and are similar in nature. For example: While policing officials try to maintain order within the society, they may conduct arrests of those individuals who are indulged in anti-social behavior. The ultimate aim of all policing agencies is to deter crime f rom occurring in future. Policing Functions and Evolution There are various policing organizations that operate at the federal level, these organizations include: the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) and DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) (Pollock, 2012, p.90). FBI happens to hold a premier position and it is involved in the process of obtaining and providing facts as well as evidence for cases that are taken fall in the constituency of federal jurisdiction. According to the mission statement provided by FBI, its main functions are to safeguard the region of United States against threats that are terrorizing in nature and threats that may be poised by international intelligence. They even conduct the function of upholding and enforcing laws that are created to fight crime in the region of US and they even provide services to fight crime at the local, state and the federal level and to provide similar services to foreign partners. Th e FBI has evolved over the years since its inception, before the attacks that took place during the period of 1993 as well as 1995; the agency was unaware of terrorist plots that were being created at the national and the international level against the US. After these incidences, the organization expanded and several offices of the organization were created throughout the US and started providing educational services in the field of law enforcement to both local and international communities. For example: during the period of 1994, the organization assisted in the creation of ILEA (The International Law Enforcement Academy) (FBI, 2013). Later due to the 9/11 bombings on the World Trade Center buildings and other government buildings resulted in changing the structure of FBI (Walker, 2011, p.526). Due to this even the USA patriot Act was enacted to assist FBI by increasing their power to fight terrorist activities (FBI, 2013). During the period of 2007, further changes were made to FBI as new procedures were created for the field officers of the organization so terrorism could be countered in an effective and efficient manner. Another level at which policing in US operates is the state level of policing. In state level of policing each state have a separate police department and these police departments along with their officers have control over the entire state. Police at the state level are required to conduct investigations that are