American Literature Summer Reading List Essay Example for Free

American Literature Summer Reading List Essay The accompanying rundown was gone along from the proposals of the Belmont High School English division and contains the absolute most popular works of American writing. Each book tends to the American Dream or potentially American characters. All entering eleventh graders must peruse in any event one book from the rundown beneath over the mid year. Understudies entering English 11 Honors must peruse at any rate one contemporary AND one great work from the rundown. The American Literature Summer Reading page on your Edline account gives rundowns of the works recorded beneath; it will be accessible until July fifteenth. We urge all understudies to see a book before settling on a decision so as to confirm that the composing style and story voice will be a solid match. If you don't mind counsel your tenth grade instructor in the event that you need assistance finding a book that is a decent counterpart for you. Writer Book Joan Didion Joan Didion W. E. B. Du Bois Booker T. Washington The White Album: Essays Slouching Toward Bethlehem: Essays The Souls of Black Folk Up from Slavery Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream The Dharma Bums On the Road Hunter S. Thompson Jack Kerouac Jack Kerouac Malcolm X and Alex Haley Tom Wolfe Alex Haley Ayn Rand Ayn Rand Bernard Malamud E. L. Doctorow Edith Wharton Edith Wharton F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald Herman Melville James Baldwin James Weldon Johnson The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test Roots The Fountainhead Atlas Shrugged The Natural Ragtime The Age of Innocence The House of Mirth Tender is the Night This Side of Paradise Moby-Dick Go Tell it on the Mountain Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man Genre Essays Memoir Era Classic Memoir Classic. Journal Memoir Novel Classic Classic Classic Joan Didion John Cheever John Dos Passos John Irving John Steinbeck John Steinbeck John Updike Kate Chopin Ken Kesey N. Scott Momaday Nella Larson Norman Mailer Philip Roth Ralph Ellison Raymond Chandler Richard Wright Rita Mae Brown Robert Penn Warren Saul Bellow Sinclair Lewis Theodore Dreiser Theodore Dreiser Upton Sinclair Vladimir Nabokov Willa Cather Willa Cather William Faulkner Studs Terkel Play It As It Lays The Wapshot Chronicle The U. S. A. Set of three The World According to Garp East of Eden The Grapes of Wrath Rabbit, Run The Awakening One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest House Made of Dawn Passing An American Dream Portnoy’s Complaint Invisible Man The Big Sleep Black Boy Rubyfruit Jungle All the Kings Men The Adventures of Augie March Main Street An American Tragedy Sister Carrie The Jungle Lolita My Antonia O Pioneers! Absalom, Absalom! Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel about What They Do Arthur Miller A View from the Bridge Lorraine Hansberry Sherwood Anderson Sarah Vowell Toure A Raisin in the Sun Winesburg, Ohio The Partly Cloudy Patriot Whos Afraid of Post-Blackness? Being Black Now Novel. Novel Novel Classic Classic Oral History Play Short Stories Essays Classic Contemporary Annie Dillard Barack Obama Bob Dylan Itabari Njeri James McBride Jay-Z John Edgar Wideman Luis Rodriguez Maxine Hong Kingston Richard Rodriguez Barbara Ehrenreich Dave Eggers. David Bianculli Erik Larsen Greil Marcus John Berendt Jon Krakauer Neil Swidey Tom Wolfe Amy Tan Andre Dubus III Annie Proulx Audrey Niffenegger Barbara Kingsolver Barbara Kingsolver Barbara Kingsolver Chad Harbach Chang-rae Lee Cormac McCarthy Daniel Wallace Danzy Senna Dave Eggers David Foster Wallace An American Childhood Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance Chronicles, Vol. I Every Goodbye Ain’t Gone The Color of Water: A Black Mans Tribute to His White Mother Decoded Brothers and Keepers Always Running: La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L. A The Woman Warrior Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez. Nickle and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America Zeitoun Dangerously Funny: The Uncensored Story of The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour Devil in the White City The Old, Weird America: The World of Bob Dylans Basement Tapes Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil Into the Wild The Assist: Hoops, Hope, and the Game of Their Lives The Right Stuff The Joy Luck Club House of Sand and Fog The Shipping News The Time Travelers Wife The Bean Trees Animal Dreams The Poisonwood Bible The Art of Fielding Native Speaker Blood Meridian Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions Caucasia What is the What Infinite Jest Memoir. Diary Memoir Nonfiction Contemporary Nonfiction Novel Contemporary Contemporary Contemporary David Sheff Don DeLillo Donna Tartt Dorothy Allison Edward P. Jones Fannie Flagg Gish Jen Gloria Naylor Jane Smiley Jennifer Egan Jhumpa Lahiri John Irving John Kennedy OToole Jonathan Franzen Jonathan Lethem Jonathan Safran Foer Julia Alvarez Junot Diaz K. M. Soehnlein Leslie Marmon Silko Marilynne Robinson Marilynne Robinson Marisha Pessl Michael Chabon Ntzoke Shange Paul Auster Paul Auster Paula Fox Peter Cameron Philip Roth Philip Roth Richard Ford Richard Russo Sherman Alexie Beautiful Boy Americana The Secret History Bastard out of Carolina The Known World Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe Typical American. The Women of Brewster Place A Thousand Acres A Visit from the Goon Squad The Namesake A Prayer for Owen Meany A Confederacy of Dunces The Corrections The Fortress of Solitude Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao The World of Normal Boys Ceremony Gilead Home Special Topics in Calamity Physics The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo The New York Trilogy The Music of Chance Desperate Characters Someday This Pain Will be Useful to You American Pastoral The Human Stain The Sportswriter Empire Falls Reservation Blues Novel. Novel Novel Contemporary Contemporary Contemporary Steven Millhauser. Sue Monk Kidd T. C. Boyle Thomas Pynchon Thomas Pynchon Tom Wolfe Toni Morrison Toni Morrison Walter Mosley Walter Mosley August Wilson August Wilson Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer The Secret Life of Bees The Tortilla Curtain Vineland The Crying of Lot 49 Bonfire of the Vanities Beloved Song of Solomon Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned The Man in My Basement Ma Raineys Black Bottom The Piano Lesson David Mamet Glengarry Glen Ross Tony Kushner Annie Proulx Jhumpa Lahiri Raymond Carver Sherman Alexie Angels in America Close Range: Wyoming Stories Interpreter of Maladies What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. The Long Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven Novel Play Short Stories Short Stories Short Stories Short Stories Contemporary Contemporary.

Media and Semiotics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media and Semiotics - Essay Example The item ‘DNAge’ really speaks to how effectively the target group would associate with the ad and permit them to attempt this item once in any event. The signs, images and different aspects †all of which contain the semiotics of the ad stay relevant when one attempts to understand how the notice will converse with the right individuals †the maturing ladies and how it is requesting that they attempt the item at any rate once. The semiotics of this notice along these lines delineate the way under which ladies will feel slanted to give it a shot their own selves once and in the event that they find that the item works in support of themselves, at that point they will continue attempting the item over and over. This paper finds a semiotic connection with the ad that interfaces with its target group. The various representations that are being utilized and the manner by which correspondence is being done have been featured during the length of this paper. Above all else, this ad needs an examination and this must be done when there is an understanding that DNAge is being focused as an item which will deal with the maturing marvel inside the ladies. The case is with the end goal that it begins working when skin starts to age and the focus lies in the DNA of the individual. Presently this is something basic to fathom on the grounds that the DNA of the individual is specific and can't be recreated in some other being. The ad shows a female who must be in her high 40s. She portrays an entirely respectable character and accordingly her outward appearances speak to accomplishment in life that she has accomplished over some stretch of time. She is evidently glad that she has had the option to return to some time in the past in support of herself. The duplicate inside the promotion is likewise fresh and speaks to the message which DNAge is eager to provide for the expected objective crowds. The duplicate has a complete stage whereupon the whole wordin gs have been concocted, along these lines giving an extremely immediate and engaging message to the crowd. The ones who experience this commercial will find that the duplicate is very feministic in its methodology since it talks about the female side of the maturing wonder. The duplicate along these lines is an ideal fit for such a sort of a promotion as it exhibits the genuine soul of an enemy of maturing notice (Amujo, 2010). The perusers of this duplicate will find that they are stuck to the wordings that have been utilized and the sub-inscription which says â€Å"works where skin maturing begins: at the DNA†. The utilization of cases like ‘86% firmer skin’ and ‘82% less wrinkles’ is really observed as an or more point for the duplicate that is being sent over this commercial. It gives a kind of logical way to deal with this ad which is even more noteworthy. The recharging of cells that are occurring inside a human body is comparably a case that D NAge is making and which is effectively conceivable by the ladies who might utilize it once they can purchase it as-is (Greenland, 2003). The word ‘New’ on the highest point of the ad and just underneath the inscription recommends that DNAge is an item that has either changed itself totally or has thought of another equation to crush hostile to maturing. The semiotic examination in this manner depends an extraordinary arrangement on the visual as well as the duplicate that joins it in the commercial. A contention that can be made here with respect to this commercial

My journal

Educator Some state being an instructor is one of the honorable callings ever. They fill in as a companion, as an advisor and as a subsequent mother. These days a great deal of understudies In school are taking up training courses due to the advantages and significant pay they can get once they've passed the LET. In the event that that would be the situation, at that point possibly a portion of those educators are not comprehensively Inclined and enthusiastic or viable enough to contact the lives of the people to come. In light of my experience, I have met 5 sorts of teachers.First is an educator that coddles his/her understudies with the information and aptitudes he/she has. Second is an educator who threatens her understudies and constrains them to get high evaluations and to pass her subject. The third educator is the thing that I call, the long gone' instructor. Why? Since he/she is constantly missing and for the most part doles out the class to do a few reports about the followi ng subject next gathering (this occurs in college understudies however then I get It's an ordinary thing in graduate school. The second to the latter is an instructor who Just peruses her talks in a force guide introduction without including anything toward clarify the subject further and finally, the educator with a durable vitality, which makes the earth and learning, fun and agreeable. Presently, as I go with the point, â€Å"My Effective Teacher† I am thinking on in what manner will I gotten one? The fortitude remaining before a group is a test for everybody who isn't uncovered in a domain where various types of individuals are in.Being viable educator isn't about the exercise plan she makes each day, not about the tests she gets ready to give each talk, not about the visual guides she makes yet rather the dynamic cooperation of the understudies in class, the high scores they get each test and all the more significantly, when the understudy breezes through the board tests . Being recalled by an understudy following four years of taking care of their psyches with information Is perhaps the best verification that you've been a viable and proficient teacher. I trust quite a while from now, I would have the option to be recalled and be a gigantic craft of my understudy's lives. Y diary By Jennifer Jane-Gangs a companion, as an advisor and as a subsequent mother. These days a ton of understudies in can get once they've passed the LET. In the event that that would be the situation, at that point perhaps a portion of those educators are not comprehensively slanted and enthusiastic or compelling enough to then I get it's a typical thing in graduate school. ) The second to the latter is a merchant, I ought to likewise connect with my understudies with the goal for us to have an amicable relationship all around of the homeroom. My fourth component would be information is probably the best evidence that you've been a viable and effective

Kidnapping in Africa and control Research Paper

Seizing in Africa and control - Research Paper Example Then again, in the Niger Delta, schoolchildren are likewise survivors of abducting. Taking note of that Nigeria will before long have its races, it means that with the ascent of criminal acts and frailty there is a likelihood that the decisions will neglect to be free and passage. In the ongoing years, the province of Abia has had a plague of grabbing, demonstrations of capturing and burglary. The main way that Nigerian government has been doing to guarantee that such cases are controlled is by haggling with the ruffians to get back the people in question and furthermore the security powers have been engaged with setting up new methodologies to overcome the inescapable issue of grabbing. Furthermore, the police powers are being prepared to upgrade their insight and abilities to conclusively manage the hijackers across Nigeria.The governments have a propensity of accusing the unavoidable seizing wave away from the Niger Delta because of the expanding paces of joblessness the nation ov er. The African landmass is the test with grabbing cases since the police power is incapable and degenerate. Moreover, the police powers are deficiently prepared to stem such violations and the relationship that exists between the criminals and lawmakers too. These components, be that as it may, appear to be more indications of a wide disquietude, for example, inescapable hijacking is a significant manifestation fizzled and bombing nation. This component is normal in nations which are coming up short or had bombed like Columbia since 1970s to 2000.... Then again, in the Niger Delta, schoolchildren are additionally survivors of hijacking. Noticing that Nigeria will before long have its decisions, it means that with the ascent of criminal acts and frailty there is a likelihood that the races will neglect to be free and charge. In the ongoing years the province of Abia has had a plague of seizing, demonstrations of commandeering and theft. The main way that Nigerian government has been doing to guarantee that such cases are controlled is by haggling with the hijackers to get back the people in question and furthermore the security powers have been associated with setting up new systems to vanquish the unavoidable issue of grabbing. Also, the police powers are being prepared to upgrade their insight and abilities to conclusively manage the criminals across Nigeria (Omonijo, 2011).The governments have an inclination of accusing the inescapable seizing wave away from the Niger Delta because of the expanding paces of joblessness the nati on over. The African landmass is challenge with capturing cases since the police power is insufficient and degenerate. Moreover, the police powers are insufficiently prepared to stem such wrongdoings, and the relationship that exists between the hijackers and government officials also. These components anyway appear to be insignificant indications of a wide discomfort, for example, inescapable hijacking is a significant side effects fizzled and bombing nation. This component is basic in nations which is coming up short or had bombed like Columbia since 19770s to 200. The profundity of seizing can assist a nation with knowing it heading. Seizing being an administration need to nations that have had the intrusion of the can help in joining it. Governments joining forces with neighborhood specialists will help in diminishing the unavoidable demonstration inside its

Outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the

Outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the Outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the measures that could be used by the UK government to achieve a more equal distribution of wealth â€" Essay Example > Income Inequality in the United Kingdom Introduction Welch (2001) defined income inequality as a situation whereby there is unequal allocation of individual or household incomes across different individuals in a given economy. Income inequality is therefore a situation whereby the rich people in a country earn more income compared to the other population hence increasing the gap between the poor and the rich. The causes of inequality usually vary depending with the state, gender, social status, region, and education of individuals in the society. This paper is going to outline the causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the measures that could be used by the UK government to achieve equal distribution of wealth. Causes of income inequality Stiglitz (2012) stated that the main causes of income inequalities in the UK are low wage rate amongst a certain class of workers and unemployment. In regards to the issues of low wage rate amongst a certain class of citizens, Stiglitz (2012) stated that the gap between the poor and the rich widens when the employees are forced to use all of their income just to feed their families and hence, leaving them with nothing to save for investment purposes. Unemployment is also another major cause of income inequalities in the UK because the people who are not engaged in any form of business or job, rarely earn an income while the rich own businesses that provide them with high incomes hence creating a gap between them. In the writings by Parker (2004), she cited education also another causes of income inequalities since individuals who are learned and educated get opportunities to work for well paying organizations, while the illiterate or less educated lack similar opportunities since they lack the documents to prove that they have the knowledge and skills necessary for high paying jobs. Chen and Zhou (2004) on their part stated that the causes of income inequality could be divided into individual and national causes. The individual causes include the ownership of resources, motivations, family size, qualifications, and skills (Parker, 2004). The national causes include economic power, climate and the size and quality of labor force. Measures to reduce income inequality The government of the UK should formulate policies to reduce the income gap between the rich and the poor by ensuring that all the individuals who are working in various organizations are paid good salaries that will enable them sustain their families and save part of their income for investment purposes. The government should motivate the poor who are unemployed by providing working opportunities for all without discrimination and encouraging them to use their talents, skills, and creative ideas to start their businesses in order to reduce the rates of unemployment in the UK. The fees paid in schools should be affordable to ensure that people are educated to make them have better incomes when they start working (Welch, 2001). Conclusion Income inequality is a state whereby the rich earn more money in the society hence creating a big gap between the poor and the rich. Some of the causes of income inequalities are unemployment, low payments, and illiteracy, which make individuals either earn less or no incomes. The government of the UK can reduce the rate of income inequalities by helping their citizens get better payments at their workplace, improving education systems, and encouraging people to use their talents and skills to start their own businesses. References Chen, Z., Zhou, Y. (2004). Income distribution during system reform and economic development in China. New York, Nova Science Publishers. Parker, S. C. (2004). The economics of self-employment and entrepreneurship. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The price of inequality. London, Allen Lane. Welch, F. (2001). The causes and consequences of increasing inequality. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Distribution of Power within the Federal System - 825 Words

Distribution of Power within the Federal System (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Course Title:Instructor:Date:Distribution of Power within the Federal SystemThe federal system of government of United States consists of three types of powers, which include enumerated, reserved, and concurrent powers. They are derived from the various ways in which functions are split between the national government and the state government.Enumerated Powers or delegated powersThese are powers delegated only to the federal government and not the region or state governments (Khan 50). These powers are outlined in Articles I, II, III in the sections 8, 2 and 2 respectively by the United States constitution. The Elastic Clause also referred to as the Necessary and Proper Clause made it possible for the national government to expand its enumerated powers to suit its desires. The federal government has the enumerated powers such as foreign and in state trade regulation, declaration of war, citizenship and immigration, military, and right to impose taxes. Reserved PowersThese are powers given or retained by the states. The state exercises control over all matters that are not handled by the national government (Annenberg Learner). These powers can only be acted upon only by one level of government. In the Federal system of United States, the powers are defined by the Tenth Amendment, Article V, Clause 2 of Section 1 in Article II, and Section 4 of Article I. The main activities or matters that the state governments carry out include licensing, police protection, education, and regulation of other corporations or individual activities with the aim of safeguarding and promoting convenience, morals, safety, welfare, and health of the public.Concurrent PowersThese are powers held by both the national and the state government. The two levels of government can exercise these powers simultaneously (W.W. Norton and Company). Any of the two levels of government has control over and can act on matters delineated by these powers. Some of the ma in matters that fall under concurrent powers include borrowing, courts establishment, legislating and implementation, taxation, and transportation.However, Section 9 and 10 of Article 1 describes powers that do not fall under any level of government since they are denied from the federal and state governments.Major Areas of Federalism History in the United StatesSince the inception of federalism, the two levels of governments have been in constant power conflicts. This is in individual efforts to assert their authority and exercise their sovereignty. As a result, there have been several different types of federation since its inception. The first form of federalism was known as dual federalism which existed between the years 1789 to 1937 where there was a clear demarcation between the national and state governments (Annenberg Learner). In this system, the state government wielded more power as it was tasked with governance while the national government engaged in promoting trade.Coo perative federalism also referred to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"marble cable federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ replaced dual federalism in 1937 to 1960. This involved functions sharing, and partnerships between the national and state government. Picket fence or creative federalism followed. It existed during the period ranging from 1960 to 1980, and was characterized by crosscutting regulations and increased load on the state government (W.W. Norton and Company). During this period, the federal government appeared to be more dominant than the state government and it would at times impose regulations without providing funds.Currently, the system of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"new federalismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ succeeded c...

Mod C Essay - 899 Words

Representations are not merely objective truth, but encompass conscious selectivity and emphasis which shape and define the meaning we derive from a text. The importance of the Smithsonians Bearing Witness to History site as both a historical and American representation causes a divergence in its purpose, between its obligation for factual accuracy and intrinsic support of specific cultural values. Deepa Mehtas film Earth (1996) demonstrates the manipulation of texts to shape the meaning we derive from the past, influenced by our memory of the past, distorted by personal context. Despite delving into different historical events, each text demonstrates the complementary relationship of historical truth and memory, a constructed dynamic†¦show more content†¦The Smithsonian Museum is a selective representation that allow an intuitive recollection of history oriented by our personal experience, whilst challenging the inflexible traditional museum through its ability to be altere d and manipulated by our personal memory and reminiscence. Continuous uploading and addition of new content in conjunction with constantly altering graphics ensures that the website is viewed differently by every responder, allowing our memory of the 9/11 to steer our interpretation of the text. The provision of a Tell your story link, directing responders to help document this historic event, places equal academic validity in the function of memory as that of an artefact, and in doing so, essentially intertwines the roles of history and memory as being complementary in the documentation of fact. Supporting this distinct representation of 9/11, the title of the website Bearing Witness to History allows the individual testimonies of its responders to enhance this representation of a unified response to the attack. This is supported by curator William Yeingst whoShow MoreRelatedHsc Essay Mod C Julius Caesar1419 Words   |  6 PagesComposers of texts present a biased attitude to the events, personalities or situations represented. In various texts such as Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar† and Leunig’s cartoon â€Å"Yet another picture with the wrong caption†, the composers bias is evident even though conflicting perspectives towards the personality are presented. Although conflicting perspectives are present in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar†, the composers bias is still evident. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Julius Caesar† is a play which reflectedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story August Of Dimes 1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe story: â€Å"March of Dimes† charity was in news in November ’15, because of an alleged fraud committed by one of its employees named Ms. Karima Manji. Karima Manji has been working with MOD since 2005. She has been handling the portfolio of property manager and used to look after MOD’s non-profit residences. She is alleged to have used â€Å"various means† to siphon funds from the charity, including forging invoices and expense claims, and funnelling money into a false March of Dimes bank account. SheRead MoreMicrosoft s Visual Basic And Oracle s Java Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesis they utilize operators. This allows the â€Å"programming languages †¦ to perform various operations on data† (Gaddis Irvine, 2014, p.7). Both languages use operators such as plus â€Å"+†, minus â€Å"-†, the mod â€Å"%† operator and the assignment operator. These operators have a certain order of precedence. The mod operator has precedence over the plus and the minus operators and all three of these have precedence over the assignment operator. This allows for an expression such as A = 1 + 2 to be performed withRead MoreMusic and Modular Arithmetic and their Similarities1205 Words   |  5 Pagesarithmetic. If a piece is in the key of C major, the C~scale would begin on C and go up. Each semitone between the beginning C and the next octave could be numbered 1 to 12. However, at the number 13, the scale starts over at C again. The next whole tone, D, would be numbered 14. But there are only 12 notes in the chromatic scale so this new, higher D is 14-12 which equals 2. Therefore, 14 is 2 modulated 12. This diagram shows a three octave scale beginning on a C and ending on an E. 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NPV 0. myclasses.caluniversity.edu/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=30446showall=true 1/7 13/3/27 ECO518T022013: FinalRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Era1484 Words   |  6 Pagessymmetric and asymmetric. (4) Elliptic curve cryptography. c. Future concepts: (1) Quantum cryptography. Crypto authority and policy 3. Crypto Service for Defence (CSD). Information security within the MoD is of utmost importance when considering national security as a whole. Today information flows readily and can be easily accessible to the common user. Given the complexity and sensitivity of crypto within the MoD is key that authority for correct issue, handling and usage is establishedRead MoreCryptography : Aes And Rsa1018 Words   |  5 Pagesis treated as a polynomial in GF(28). The following matrix multiplication will explain the transformation on MixColumns. The Inverse Mix Column transformation (InvMixColumns), which is used in the AES decryption will use a different constant matrix C-1. 2.1.4 AddRoundKey This stage is just a simple bitwise XOR of the current block with the expanded key. This is the only step which makes use of the key. For both AES Encryption and Decryption, the cipher begins with an Add Round Key stage followedRead MoreIndustry Structure - Porters Five Forces792 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of factors for each category, and write down the number for the overall analysis. 1. Threat of entrants: |+ factors (favorable to industry) |Yes |Mod |No | |- factors (unfavorable to industry) |(+) | |(-) | |Do large firms have a cost or performance advantage in your segment of theRead MoreThe Mayan Languages of Guatemala and Mexico Essay examples1124 Words   |  5 Pages‘turnips’ (mod. [naÃŽ ²os], col. [naboá ¹ £]); (3), Spanish donor word – jarro ‘jug, jar’ (mod. [xaro], col. [Ã… ¡aro]); (15), Spanish donor word - cebolla ‘onion’ (mod. [seÃŽ ²oya], col. [ÅŸebolÊ ¸a]); (19), Spanish donor word – cidra ‘a grapefruit-like fruit (mod. [sià °ra], col. [á ¹ £ià °ra]); (20), Spanish donor word - vacas ‘cows’ (mod. [bakas], à ©col. [ÃŽ ²akaá ¹ £, vakas]); (22), Spanish donor word – rà ¡banoá ¹ £ ‘radishes’ (mod. [rà ¡ÃŽ ²anos] col. [rà ¡ÃŽ ²anoá ¹ £], [rà ¡vanoá ¹ £]); Local Birds (11), Spanish donor word - patos ‘ducks’ (mod. [patos]

Type 1 Diabetes Aetiology Autoimmune Destruction Of The...

1. A) Type 1 Diabetes Aetiology: Autoimmune destruction of the beta cells located in the pancreas, both genetic predisposition (Parent/s have type 1 Diabetes) and environment factors (virus: mumps, rubella and toxic chemicals.) upper respiratory infection triggers involved in type 2 Diabetes often referred to as childhood diabetes due to the age of patients diagnosed with this form. Type 1 Diabetes Pathophysiology: Autoimmune- Anti islet antibodies attack through Lymphocyte infiltration and destruction of the insulin secreting beta cells of the langerhans within the pancreas. Destruction of beta cells Beta cells decline insulin secretion decreases until insulin is no longer available to maintain normal blood glucose levels.Beta cells†¦show more content†¦Diabetic Ketoacidosis is a condition of Insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia resulting in metabolic acidosis and severe osmotic diuresis. An inadequate amount of the hormone insulin that the body requires to enable the cells to use the glucose as energy triggers the breakdown of fatty acids for energy use by cells leading to increased formation of acids called ketones in blood and urine. The kidney’s inability to excrete ketones and cells are unable to use ketones resulting in ketones building up in blood. Blood glucose levels increased as the liver produces glucose in an attempt to correct the body to homeostasis. Acidosis occurs with a blood ph balance becomes less than 7.35 and cellular injury occurs in addition hyperglycaemia accompanies osmotic diuresis as the kidneys cannot absorb the glucose and its leaked into urine causing water to move by osmosis from blood to urine resulting in electrolyte loss of salt and water causing dehydration. DKA develops from an increased demand of insulin during periods of stress, infection, severe illness, inadequate insulin production or administration. In Joan’s case it could possibly be due to her type 2 Diabetes where her body is unable to make adequate insulin or insulin resistant as her doctor recently

Personal Narrative Essay On Dates - 1416 Words

The clock of fifth period ticks by at an agonizingly slow rate, and I cant help but tap my nails across my desk in anticipation. It begins to feel like time is frozen forever, when finally, the bell sounds. I breathe a sigh of relief and bolt out of the classroom to my bus. â€Å"Pentatonix tour dates are out by now†¦ what if they dont have a show here?† I worry. I hear the thumping of my heart, and my breath is caught in my throat, until finally, I see the tour page; Pentatonix is coming to Columbus, Ohio. Employing all of my strength, I suppress the giddy screech attempting to escape me. Grinning to myself I think, â€Å"I get to see them live! They’ll be right there!† Unfortunately, that optimistically sweet train of thought made an abrupt stop†¦show more content†¦Despite how unsure I am of how things will pan out, I still smile in a sigh of relief- she didn’t say no. My mother soon arrives home, lays down her bags, and enters my room. â€Å"So, this concert is in Columbus?† she asks restrained. â€Å"Yeah, it’s in Columbus.† I reply hesitantly. She turns on her heel and heads to her room giving me an overwhelming amount of sass. I crash onto my bed groaning at how challenging this is going to be. The next day I brought the concert up again to my mom, but this time I approached it with puppy dog eyes and kind gestures. Prior to asking her, I made sure to do all the laundry in my house as well as clean up the downstairs and my room. I catch her after she’s finished exercising and test the waters with my acting skills. â€Å"Hey mom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I utter carefully â€Å"Yes†¦?† she mocks â€Å"I don’t know if you and dad have talked yet†¦ but I would really love if I could go to the concert. It would mean so much to me, and it may never happen again† I confess She sighs, looking down and then back up, seeing my pitiful gaze and pouty lips and reluctantly answers, â€Å"Okay Hailey, I will try to work something out, but I will need to get your dad on board with this.† My cheeks stretch a mile wide, and I begin to tear up, as I lean in to squeeze my mother in thanks. â€Å"Half the battle is won† I think to myself, a sly smirk playing on my lips. When it comes to my dad I know that I have to have as much information prepared as I can if I plan on getting a yes outShow MoreRelatedGender, Race, Social Class And Relationship Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesGender, Race, Social Class and Relationship â€Å"How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie† is in the first story collection of Junot Diaz that was published in 1996. Junot Diaz was born in Dominican Republic, he moved to the United States at the age of seven. He is currently a creative writing teacher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Meyer 97). In the short story, Diaz describes how a teenage boy approaches romantic relationships and characterizes the girls based on theirRead MoreCompare and Contrast of Quindlen and Lutz800 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast of Quindlen and Lutz Upon reading and examining two essays, â€Å"Life under the chief doublespeak officer† a narrative by William Lutz and â€Å"Homeless†, a descriptive by Anna Quindlen, I firmly believe that Quindlen provides the preferred essay due to the gravity of her subject, greater personal relevance, and that her material allows the reader to sympathize with the subject matter. William Lutz’s essay addresses the growing trend in Corporate America to disguise actions with wordsRead MoreReflection Paper1201 Words   |  5 Pageshaving to type an essay. Many class essays that I have wrote in the past resulted in poor scores and no personality. I didn’t have much help on what exactly to write about. As a result of that I have struggled to find creative topics to write about my essay. At the beginning of this class we wrote the Definition essay. I wrote about what makes a sports movie truly great. This essay was a real grind for me. I had a difficult time trying to think of what I wanted to write the essay about and how toRead More`` 13, 1977, 21 By Jonathan Lethem1359 Words   |  6 Pages The essay I am analyzing is entitled simply as â€Å"13, 1977, 21† by Jonathan Lethem. It’s personal narrative that is a retelling of the author’s childhood and it starts with Lethem confessing that he saw the original Star Wars movie twenty-one times in one summer when he was thirteen years old. Despite what some readers may think, this essay is not about any kind of obsession he may have with Star Wars. He tells more about the aspects of his childhood that related to the detail of his almost religiousRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay - Why I Write?882 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay â€Å"Why I write?† This is one of the first essay that I can recall that we went over and discussed in class. I can remember doing peer reviews, going over example essays, and other interactive class activities. I can’t say that I remember everything or loved all of it. What I can say is that I did learn and I did get a lot out of this class. I feel like I learned something about myself from writing these essays as well as how to actually write a paper. I believe writing the personal narrativeRead MoreThe Beginning Of Creative Nonfiction1517 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the earliest known civilization to the present. This literary genre includes memoirs, essays, travel writing, and journalism. The literary essay is the mode of creative nonfiction I have chosen for my course project, and I will address the general history of creative nonfiction, focusing on the development of the essay. The origins of this genre date back centuries before Montaigne coined the term â€Å"essay.† The beginning of creative nonfiction began in Mesopotamia (D’Agata 1). John D’Agata statesRead MoreReflection Of English : My Favorite Language In The English Language968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"free-writing† was such a plus in planning for my essay. Free-writing allowed me to write without being too condescend of spelling and grammar. It allowed me to lay down all my thoughts effortlessly without anything holding me back. I essentially had no restrictions and could write whatever and however I would like too. This mechanism propelled many ideas that I could incorporate in my essay that I almost didn’t know which to choose from. Specifically, from my second essay â€Å"Childhood†, I free wrote so many ideasRead MoreClass This Semester Has Been Good986 Words   |  4 Pagesenjoyable unlike a few of my classes. Professor Airek created an open envir onment that let me as a student feel as ease communicating and being involved in class. We’ve shared many laughs and I’ve grown as a writer and as a student. I’ve learned that essays need to be turned in on time and stapled together. But most of all, I have learned to â€Å"never give up.† One experience in class that I won’t forget was on a Monday morning when we watched a deer frolic through campus like it was his natural habitatRead MoreGospel of John Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesGospel of John This essay will show contrasts in views on the Gospel of John regarding authorship,dates, and the relationship between Johns Gospel and the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. Some comparison of thought, concerning composition and life setting, will also be presented. The majority of the information that we have today, describing the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ, is contained in the fourRead MorePersonal Narrative Essay Models 3252 Words   |  14 PagesPersonal Narrative Essay Models Some may not be of high literary quality, but they do show personal transformation and reflection. Others may contain inappropriate subject matter for some communities. However, they can be very useful in encouraging students to write. By choosing a suitable model, demonstrating annotation and applying the steps of the writing process, teachers can help young adults to compose effective personal narrative essays. Begin by allowing the students to review narrative

Analysis of Doll House Play Essay - 1916 Words

Mrs. Mary Rorke English 102 1st Nov. 2005 A Doll House A critical Analysis When Nora slammed the door shut in her dolls house in 1879, her message sent shockwaves around the world that persist to this day. I must stand quite alone, Nora declared after finding out that her ideal of life was just a imagination of her and that all her life had been build up by others peoples, specifically her husband and her dad ideas, opinions and tastes. Nora is the pampered wife of an aspiring bank manager Torvald Halmer. In a desperate attempt to saves her husbands life Nora once asked for a loan so she and her family could move somewhere where her husband could recover from his sickness. Giving the circumstances she,†¦show more content†¦Torvald sees Noras only as being his wife and the mother of this children. He refers to Nora as my doll, my little lark or songbird. To him Nora is only a possession. Both Nora and Torvald as a couple are living illusionary lives and as the title suggest, they are living in an A Dolls House where everything should be perfect. For Nora the perfect stands for the Wonderful and it have to do with all commodities that money could buy. For Torvald perfect stands for loyalty and good morality. However as Johnston asserts, Ibsen show the cruel truth that human nature and human being is a more complex and has different variant than that of the Helmerss perfect world. Ibsen with this drama forces the self-examination of each household (137). So both Nora and Torvald must learn that guilt and sorrow are inextricable built within the reality they share with the rest of the humanity. (138) However the fact that it was supposed to be a couples examination by the end of the play we have seen that Nora was the only one who learns that life is not perfect, which makes her as a dynamic character. This change came as a surprise and for some critics of his period the play is illogic as a whole or in its detail more feeble or commonplace (Mayer, 35). Moreover the critics took the surprise ending as a standard to claim the invalidly and ineffectiveness of the play and its theme. (Templeton, 114). However,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Play A Doll House 919 Words   |  4 Pageshumans experience this unpredictable event. For instance, in the play A Doll House, Nora was a wife who held a deep, darkening secret in which she chose to keep hidden from her husband. During the play entitled Trifles, Mrs. Hale came to the decision to remove evidence from the scene in order to not allow officials of the county to predict what may have actually happened to John Wright during his un suspected death. Although both plays generalize similar themes of hidden secrets, readers are able toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play A Doll House 1613 Words   |  7 Pagesmost of them wanted something more from life. A play â€Å"A Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen, poem â€Å"Living in Sin† by Adrienne Rich, and short play â€Å"Beauty† by Carla Bethany introduce us to four different women characters. Living in different times, they prove that women were always strong and independent even though they were not always treated that way. They showed a strong desire to break free from social restriction and stereotypes. The play â€Å"A Doll House† portraits two strong women characters, Nora HelmerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play A Doll s House 1410 Words   |  6 Pagesrestrictive life with their life centered round their husband and subsequently their children. Although, women were supposed to be treated with respect by men, most men viewed women as weak and having no ability to perform any task. In the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† the character Nora shows how these expectations affect her behavior which reflect her desire to change the traditional gender roles in the demanding society she was obligated to adhere to. When a couple got married in this period her propertyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Trifles And A Doll House 969 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"A Doll House†, show how two women will commit a crime at all cost and somehow contrast with each other. Trifle is a word which is used to describe something with little importance or value. According to Suzy Clarkson Holstein, â€Å"SUSAN CLASPELL’S ‘TRIFLES’ is a deceptive play: deceptive because, like its title, it seems simple, almost inconsequential. Yet the play represents a profound conflict between two models of perception and behavior† (Holstein 282). In the play â€Å"Trifles†, Mrs.Read MoreAnalysis Of Doll s House As A Feminist Play985 Words   |  4 PagesDoll’s House as a feminist Play Is A Doll s House a feminist play? Ibsen disputes the notion that his play is female-centered claiming that it was more of liberation, which is presented, in a more general, human sense. However, it takes reading the book to decide whether his assertions are true reflection of this. The emotional and psychological impact on the play to the readers can is that of sympathy for women in the story. The story’s major theme is the plight of the woman. The story furtherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Realistic Play A Doll s House 950 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluation of Gender in a Doll’s House Lorie Murphy Galen College Of Nursing Abstract In the realistic play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrick Ibsen’s the cultural conflicts of the nineteenth century are shocking and controversial. The play helps portray the struggles women and men were faced with during that century with their roles. Being a male during this period showed more importance than the female’s role would have been. In the end this theory proves women can be just as responsible as a manRead MoreCritical Analysis of a Doll House1250 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen s background provided him the insight to write the play A Doll House. In Britannica Biographies, Ibsen s father lost his business and the family s financial stability when Ibsen was a young child. Because of the family s financial misfortunes, at the age of 15, Ibsen was forced to leave home and venture out on his own. He supported himself meagerly as an apothecary s apprentice and studied at night to prepare for universityRead MoreA Doll House : A Play From Different Perspectives1557 Words   |  7 PagesSean Walsh Literary Perspectives Research Essay A Doll House: A Play from Different Perspectives When A Doll House was first produced Ibsen successfully shocked and angered many who went to go see it. However if you google A Doll House today you’ll find many article’s praising it for its feminist themes. When looking at reviews for A Doll House after its first production I find no mention of feminism but rather many called it untrue and one even called the third act â€Å"it’s Achilles heel†(AvisRead MoreSymbolism Of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen937 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in A Doll House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, the play is framed around symbolism and its irony. Symbolism throughout the play acts as a subliminal foreshadowing, each individually hinting at the impending end. The irony is continually represented through Ibsen’s play between perception and reality - perception being the evident meaning of each symbol and reality, being the ironic opposite connotation exclusively in Nora and Torvald’s situation. Symbolism and its ironic opposite connotationRead MoreSymbolism In Ibsens A Dolls House1187 Words   |  5 PagesMarquez Ford Almeida, Gilbert English Composition II 10/19/17 Symbolism in A Doll House Introduction In a drama, symbolism is one of the important literary devices that is commonly employed by many play writers. It imparts the play’s hidden meaning and portrays emotions and conflicts in the characters. Equally, Ibsen’s play, A Doll House makes an extensive use of symbols which does not only make the play captivating but also enables the reader to get a deeper understanding of the underlining ideas

Sloboat Case Study Free Essays

Sloboat Case Study March 7, 2013 Capstone Seminar Sean McNamara, Matthew Sylvia, Michael Regghetio Analysis of Sloboat Case Study In this case we take on the role of Rick Craner, the financial accountant for Sloboat Shipping Inc. Rick is faced with compiling, organizing, and evaluating the company’s financial activity for the 2012 fiscal year. We are provided with several notes on Sloboat financial transactions, and we are tasked with sorting through these transactions to provide a suitable evaluation and presentation of Sloboat’s financial standings at the end of the 2012 fiscal year. We will write a custom essay sample on Sloboat Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to look at all of the transactions described in the case study before moving forward. The case study broke down these transactions into â€Å"financing† and â€Å"investing†. The following are transactions that occurred under â€Å"financing†: * 7% bonds payable issued on November 1, 2010 * Bonds pay interest semi-annually on May 1st and November 1st * Market interest rate on the date of issuance had been 8% * SSI decided to retire 50% of the 7% bonds on August 1, 2011 * Additional 30,000 common shares issued on June 14, 2011 * Common dividend of $0. 5 per common share on December 1, 2011 with date of record of December 5th and distribution on December 20th The following are transactions that occurred under â€Å"investing†: * SSI owned 250, 7. 5% bonds of â€Å"OnCap Financial†, purchased in late fiscal 2011, bonds paid interest on March 1st and September 1st and set to mature on March 1, 2014. On January 31, 2012, the market decrea sed to 5% and SSI sold all the outstanding bonds. * SSI owned 20,000 shares in Lowland Resources. On October 2, 2011 SSI received a 5% stock dividend. Each share was trading at $22. 62. On December 15, 2011 SSI decided to sell 60% of its holdings (12,000 stocks). SSI paid a $400 brokerage fee. On February 29, 2012, the remaining shares were trading at Statement of Financial Position| As at February 28, 2011| | | | | | ASSETS| | | | | Current Assets:| | | | | Cash| $| 12,736 | | Bond Investing Recievable| | 9,375 | | Trading Investment-Stocks| | 468,600 | | Trading Investments-Bonds| | 260,156 | | Inventory| | 47,987 |   | | | | | 798,854 | Property, Plant, and Equipment| | 742,108 |   | | | | | 742,108 | Total Assets| | | | 1,540,962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liablities Shareholder’s Equity| | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities:| | | | | Bond interest payable| $| 23,333 | | Dividends payable| | 11,250 |   | | | | | 34,583 | | | | | | Long-term liabilities:| | | | | 7% Bonds Payable(1,000 bonds; mautres 11/1/15)| | 961,694 |   | | | | | 961,694 | Total Liabilities| | | | 996,277 | | | | | | | | | | | Shareholders’ equity| | | | | $2. 25 cumlative, non-convertible preferred stock| | 37,500 | | 150,000 authorized; 5,000 outstanding| | | | Common stock| | 253,000 | | 500,000 authorized; 20,000 outstanding| | | | Stock dividend to be distributed| | 15,430 | | Retained earnings| | 238,755 |   | Total Shareholders’ equity| | | 544,685 | | | | | | Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity | | | $1,540,962 | | | | | | Cash Reciepts and Disbursements| For Fiscal 2012| | | | | | Cash Reciepts| | | | | Common Shares| $| 610,500 | | Bond Investment| | 18,750 | | | | | | Trading investing – Bonds| | 272,331 | | Trading investing – Stocks| | 268,610 | | Total| | $| 1,170,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cash Disbursements| | | | | 7% Bonds Payable| $| 528,517 | | Bond interest| | 52,500 | | Dividends| | 30,150 | | Total| | $| 611,167 | | * $19. 45 (8,000 stocks). Statement of Financial Position| As at February 28, 2012| | | | | | ASSETS| | | | | Current Assets:| | | | | Cash| $| (468,111)| | Bond Investing Recievable| | 9,375 | | Trading Investment-Stocks| | 468,600 | | Trading Investments-Bonds| | 310,644 | | Inventory| | 47,987 |   | | | | | 368,495 | Property, Plant, and Equipment| | 742,108 |   | | | | | 742,108 | Total Assets| | | | 1,110,603 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liablities Shareholder’s Equity| | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities:| | | | | Bond interest payable| $| 73,821 | | Dividends payable| | 11,250 |   | | | | | 85,071 | | | | | | Long-term liabilities:| | | | 7% Bonds Payable(1,000 bonds; mautres 11/1/15)| | 480,847 |   | | | | | 480,847 | Total Liabilities| | | | 565,918 | | | | | | | | | | | Shareholders’ equity| | | | $2. 25 cumlative, non-convertible preferred stock| | 37,500 | | 150,000 authorized; 5,000 outstanding| | | | Common stock| | 253,000 | | 500,000 authorized; 20,000 outstanding| | | | Stock dividend to be distributed| | 15,430 | | Retained earnings| | 238,755 |   | Total Shareholders’ equity| | | 544,685 | | | | | | Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity | | | $1,110,603 | | | | | | Cash Reciepts and Disbursements| For Fiscal 2013| | | | | | Cash Reciepts| | | | | Common Shares| $| 610,500 | | Bond Investment| | 18,750 | | | | | Trading investing – Bonds| | 272,331 | | Trading investing – Stocks| | 268,610 | | Total| | $| 1,170,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cash Disbursements| | | | 7% Bonds Payable| $| 528,517 | | Bond interest| | 52,500 | | Dividends| | 30,150 | | Total| | $| 611,167 | | Bond Interest Payable $33659. 29 Bonds Payable $480847 Bond Interest Payable $16829. 50 Bond Interest Payable $33659. 29 Bonds Payable $480847 Bond Interest Payable $16829. 50 Trading Investments bonds $33659. 29 Cash $480847 Trading Investment Bond $16829. 50 Trading Investments bonds $33659. 29 Cash $480847 Trading Investment Bond $16829. 50 Debit Credit How to cite Sloboat Case Study, Free Case study samples

Karl Marx (2211 words) Essay Example For Students

Karl Marx (2211 words) Essay Karl MarxKarl MarxKarl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818,in the city of Trier in Prussia, now, Germany. He was one of seven childrenof Jewish Parents. His father was fairly liberal, taking part in demonstrationsfor a constitution for Prussia and reading such authors as Voltaire andKant, known for their social commentary. His mother, Henrietta, was originallyfrom Holland and never became a German at heart, not even learning to speakthe language properly. Shortly before Karl Marx was born, his father convertedthe family to the Evangelical Established Church, Karl being baptized atthe age of six. Marx attended high school in his home town(1830-1835) where several teachers and pupils were under suspicion of harboringliberal ideals. Marx himself seemed to be a devoted Christian with a longingfor self-sacrifice on behalf of humanity. In October of 1835, he startedattendance at the University of Bonn, enrolling in non-socialistic-relatedclasses like Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. During thistime, he spent a day in jail for being drunk and disorderly-the only imprisonmenthe suffered in the course of his life. The student culture at Bonn included,as a major part, being politically rebellious and Marx was involved, presidingover the Tavern Club and joining a club for poets that included some politicallyactive students. However, he left Bonn after a year and enrolled at theUniversity of Berlin to study law and philosophy. Marxs experience in Berlin was crucialto his introduction to Hegels philosophy and to his adherence to theYoung Hegelians. Hegels philosophy was crucial to the development ofhis own ideas and theories. Upon his first introduction to Hegels beliefs,Marx felt a repugnance and wrote his father that when he felt sick, itwas partially from intense vexation at having to make an idol of a view detested. The Hegelian doctrines exerted considerable pressure inthe revolutionary student culture that Marx was immersed in, however,and Marx eventually joined a society called the Doctor Club, involved mainlyin the new literary and philosophical movement whos chief figure wasBruno Bauer, a lecturer in theology who thought that the Gospels were nota record of History but that they came from human fantasies arising frommans emotional needs and he also hypothesized that Jesus had not existedas a person. Bauer was later dismissed from his position by the Prussiangovernment. By 1841, Marxs studies were l acking and, at the suggestionof a friend, he submitted a doctoral dissertation to the university atJena, known for having lax acceptance requirements. Unsurprisingly, hegot in, and finally received his degree in 1841. His thesis analyzed ina Hegelian fashion the difference between the natural philosophies of Democritusand Epicurus using his knowledge of mythology and the myth of Prometheusin his chains. In October of 1842, Marx became the editorof the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and, as the editor, wrote editorials onsocio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. During this time, he foundthat his Hegelian philosophy was of little use and he separated himselffrom his young Hegelian friends who only shocked the bourgeois to makeup their social activity. Marx helped the paper to succeed and it almostbecame the leading journal in Prussia. However, the Prussian governmentsuspended it because of pressures from the government of Russia. So,Marx went to Paris to study French Communism.In June of 1843, he was married to JennyVon Westphalen, an attractive girl, four years older than Marx, who camefrom a prestigious family of both military and administrative distinction. Although many of the members of the Von Westphalen family were opposedto the marriage, Jennys father favored Marx. In Paris, Marx became acquaintedwith the Communistic views of French workmen. Although he thought thatthe ideas of the workmen were utterly crude and unintelligent, he admiredtheir camaraderie. He later wrote an article entitled Toward the Critiqueof the Hegelian Philosophy of Right from which comes the famous quotethat religion is the opium of the people. Once again, the Prussian governmentinterfered with Marx and he was expelled from France. He left for Brussels,Belgium, and , in 1845, renounced his Prussian nationality. During the next two years in Brussels,the lifelong collaboration with Engels deepened further. He and Marx, sharingthe same views, pooled their intellectual resources and published TheHoly Family, a criticism of the Hegelian idealism of Bruno Bauer. In theirnext work, they demonstrated their materialistic conception of historybut the book found no publisher and remained unknown during its authorslifetimes.It is during his years in Brussels thatMarx really developed his views and established his intellectual standing.From December of 1847 to January of 1848, Engels and Marx wrote The CommunistManifesto, a document outlining 10 immediate measures towards Communism,ranging from a progressive income tax and the abolition of inheritancesto free education for all children.When the Revolution erupted in Europe in1848, Marx was invited to Paris just in time to escape expulsion by theBelgian government. He became unpopular to German exiles when, while inParis, he opposed Georg Heweghs project to organize a German legion toinvade and liberate the Fatherland. After traveling back to Cologne,Marx called for democracy and agreed with Engels that the Communist Leagueshould be disbanded. During this time, Marx got into trouble with the government;he was indicted on charges that he advocated that people not pay taxes. The French and Indian War EssayMarx also says that the more man worksas a laborer, the less he has to consume for himself because his productand labor are estranged from him. Marx says that because the work of thelaborer is taken away and does not belong to the laborer, the laborer loseshis rightful existence and is made alien to himself. Private propertybecomes a product and cause of alienated labor and through that, causesdisharmony. Alienated labor is seen as the consequence of market product,the division of labor, and the division of society into antagonistic classes.So, capitalism, which encourages the possessionof private property, encourages alienation of man. Capitalism, which encouragesthe amassment of money, encourages mass production, to optimize productivity. Mass production also intensifies the alienation of labor because it encouragesspecialization and it makes people view the workers not as individualsbut as machines to do work. It is this attitude that incites the uprisingsof the lower classes against the higher classes, namely, the nobility. Regarding Marxs attitude toward religion,he thought that religion was simply a product of mans consciousnessand that it is a reflection of the situation of a man who either has notconquered himself or has already lost himself again. Marx sums it allup in a famous quote, stating that religion is an opium for the people.Marxs hypothesis of historical materialismcontains this maxim; that It is not the consciousness of men which determinestheir existence; it is on the contrary their social existence which determinestheir consciousness. Marx has applied his theory of historical materialismto capitalist society in both The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital,among others. Marx never really explained his entire theory through buttaking the text literally, social reality is arranged in this way:That underlying our society is economicstructure; and That above the foundation of economy rises legal and politicalformsof social consciousness that relate back to the economic foundation ofsociety. An interesting mark of Marxs analysisof economy is evidenced in Das Kapital, where he studies the economy asa whole and not in one or another of its parts and sections. His analysisis based on the precept of man being a productive entity and that alleconomic value comes from human labor.Marx speaks of capitalism as an unstableenvironment. He says that its development is accompanied by increasingcontradictions and that the equilibrium of the system is precarious asit is to the internal pressures resulting from its development. Capitalismis too easy to tend to a downward spiral resulting in economic and socialruin. An example of the downward spiral in a capitalist society is inflation. Inflation involves too much currency in circulation. Because of inflationand the increase in prices of goods resulting from it, the people of thesociety hoard their money which, because that money is out of circulation,causes more money to be printed. The one increases the effect of the otherand thus, the downward spiral. Marx views revolution with two perspectives. One takes the attitude that revolution should be a great uprising likethat of the French revolution. The other conception is that of the permanentrevolution involving a provisional coalition between the low and higherclasses. However, an analysis of the Communist Manifesto shows inconsistenciesbetween the relationship of permanent and violent revolution; that Marxdid not exactly determine the exact relationship between these two yet. Aside from the small inconsistencies inMarxs philosophy, he exhibits sound ideas that do seem to work on paperbut fail in the real world where millions of uncertainties contribute tothe error in every social experiment on Earth. Communism never gets fartherthan socialism in its practice in the real world and that is where thefault lies, in the governments that try to cheat the system while stillmaintaining their ideal communist society.

Operations Management of KFC

The change in ownership of KFC has translated into several and consistent transformations in the organizational operations since the year 1964, when it was first sold out by Colonel Sanders. In the year 1971, KFC was bought by Heublein, Inc who eventually sold it to R.J Reynolds in 1982.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management of KFC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to Reynolds’ laxity in its management, it again sold it to PepsiCo in 1986. PepsiCo was on a mission to expand its chain of restaurants. In addition to KFC, it also acquired Taco Bell and Pizza Hut and introduced new management style with a different corporate culture. With a background in marketing of fast foods, PepsiCo easily embraced the selling of snack food and soft drinks. It is against this backdrop that the company engaged in an operational reorganization plan in 1985. This saw its non compatible units liquidated fol lowed subsequent concentration on restaurants, snack foods and soft drinks. The result of this included a growth in the operations of KFC as demonstrated by the 2,258 restaurants in sixty eight foreign countries under its management. This makes KFC to be ranked among the tops in the world, in terms of chicken sale and quick service chain. Analysis The operations at KFC present a myriad of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This could be better understood through investigating the SWOT analysis (Christopher McDonald 1995, p. 34). Opportunities These are the external conditions that a company can take advantage of to exploit in a bid of enhancing its performance (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons 2006, p. 23). KFC has several opportunities, which it can benefit from to increase its net worth. There exists a large unexploited customer base across the border with Mexico, which apparently has a population of 91 million. KFC can take advantage of this due to its close proximity to the U.S and less competition. The closeness of the Mexican market to the U.S ensures that transport costs are lessened. It is also important to note that very few U.S companies are present in the Mexican market as compared with the European companies (Madura, 2009, p. 176). This offers good incentives for KFC to invest there in order to exploit the minimal competition that currently prevails there (Knolmayer, Mertens Zeier 2002, p. 27).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, there exist favorable exchange rates between the U.S and Mexico due to the Peso devaluation (Thompson, 2001, p. 382). KFC can grab this opportunity as it seeks to eliminate risks of investing in Mexico. While there in Mexico, KFC also stand to gain from cheap importation of raw materials from the U.S due to the prevailing favorable rates of dollar conversion into peso. Still in Mexico, the passag e of the new franchise laws in 1990 ensures that the technologies that are transferred into the Mexican market are protected. KFC can exploit this new law by opening up as many franchise stores as possible to tap the market. KFC can also exploit the need to supply products closer to the customers rather than at the shopping malls alone. Places such as school, hospitals and entertainment spots and even on traffic jams normally contain demanding customers that are in need of soft drinks and snack foods. This helps to save time for their clients besides ensuring that they obtain the foods at their convenience (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 17). Threats Just like any other company, KFC also faces a number of threats that are likely to imperil its position in its current business standing. Some of these threats can negatively impact on its profits. The major threat currently is the congestion of fast food restaurants in the U.S market. The National Restaurant Association reports that the market in the U.S is saturated with fast growing number of restaurants. This has caused a consistent increase in competition within the industry (National Restaurant Association 2012). Moreover some restaurants have resorted to dealing in substitute products that sell fast. For instance, McDonald’s adopted McChicken Sandwich, just as Jack in the Box brought in chicken and teriyaki with rice. Meanwhile Domino’s introduced chicken wings as Pizza Hut gave a shot at marinated, rotisserie-cooked chicken. These developments present real threats to KFC since they also come with new brands that are more enduring to customers. The recent past few decades has seen a dramatic change in the preference of consumers. This has promoted companies to keep on changing their brand images to suit the customers’ preferences. In this quest, important aspects of the products could be lost. In its bid to satisfy the ever changing customer preferences, KFC has undergone several changes that ar e tailor made to correspond with the client’s needs (Bidgoli 2010, p. 56).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Operations Management of KFC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it undergoes its endeavor to exploit the Mexican market, KFC has had to confront a number of challenges including dealing with very complacent labor force. Although labor costs are relatively cheap in Mexico, most labors are lazy, unreliable and absent themselves from duty frequently. Mexico also experiences frequent security threats posed by drug gangs. This has made the operations of KFC in that country insecure due to constant fears of attacks by the drug lords and gangs (Davis et al. 2008, p. 181). Strengths These are the internal conditions that are available within the company that makes a company stands a better ground of pursuing its goals effectively. For the KFC, they pride themselves as being the first chain to ever give a s hot at a fast food industry. This provided them with a niche above the rest besides giving them a shot in the arm especially when it comes to advertisements. Moreover, being the earliest entrant into the industry has allowed them to build on a brand name and firmly anchor their roots within the business. This has served to enhance their reputation and recognition. The acquisition of KFC by PepsiCo was another shot in the arm. This is because PepsiCo was already experienced in operational management and therefore KFC received the much needed operational organization under PepsiCo (Needle 2010, p. 63). The company also boasts of excellent loyalty from its employees. This is a tradition that was created by the company’s founder, Colonel Sander. This devotion of employees has in extent led to the provision of quality services to customers, which include clean and hygiene restaurants, improved customer relations and high quality services, which are served in fast and friendlier ma nner (Knolmayer et al. 2002, p. 42). Weaknesses These are the conditions that are found within the internal structure of a company and have potentials of derailing a company’s progress. KFC has apparently undergone change in ownership as many times as possible. This has in essence led to confusion in the corporate direction of the company. The company has also been characterized by delays when it comes to adoption and subsequent marketing of new products. For instance, at the time when McDonald’s was developing McChicken, KFC still retained its age old KFC sandwich. Incidentally customers are more likely to be endured to innovative companies than non innovative ones (Hensher 2001, p. 38). The founder and manager of KFC preferred a laid back approach of management, which served to earn his employees’ devotion to the company. However, when the company was bought by PepsiCo, a more aggressive form of operational management was adopted. These two conflicting culture s of management resulted in confusion of employees. In addition, the sale resulted in a change in the top management of the company. This change altered the operational organization of the company (Hillier Hillier 2010, p. 71).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evaluation and Summary The SWOT analysis has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the operations management of the KFC. They provide adequate tools and equipments for analyzing the modalities of managing the operations of the company in addition to offering information on areas of key interest. From the SWOT analysis, it is evident that the company has undergone a number of transformations in terms of ownership and management. Some of these changes have been accompanied by equal measure of challenges that the company has been able to exploit for its own benefit. Others however have brought with them outstanding threats that calls for fresh thoughts and approaches in decision making (Lewis Slack 2003, p. 69). One important oversees investment destination for KFC is the Mexico. This is attributed to the fact that it has minimal competition, high customer base, favorable exchange rates due to the devaluation of the of the peso and low labor costs. However, these are not conditio ns which are permanent. A change in any or all of these conditions might result in subsequent disruptions in the operations of the KFC. It is against this backdrop that KFC should explore other market destinations and seek other strategic alternatives. References Bidgoli, H 2010, The handbook of technology management: supply chain management, marketing and advertising, and global management, John Wiley and Sons, NewYork. Christopher, M McDonald, M 1995, Marketing: an introductory text, Macmillan Business, Salt Lake. Davis, B, Lockwood, A, Alcott, P Panterlidis, L 2008, Food and beverage management, Elsevier, Salt Lake. Fitzsimmons, J Fitzsimmons, MJ 2006, Service management: operations, strategy, and information technology, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Hensher, DA 2001, Handbook of logistics and supply-chain management, Emerald Group Publishing, Emerald. Hillier, F Hillier, MS 2010, Introduction to management science: a modeling and case studies approach with spreads, McGraw-Hil l Higher Education, New York. Knolmayer, G, Mertens, P Zeier, A 2002, Supply chain management based on SAP systems: order management in manufacturing companies, Springer, New Mexico. Lewis, M Slack, N 2003, Operations management: critical perspectives on business and management, Routledge, Hull City. Madura, J 2009, International financial management, World Scientific Public Co. Plc, Farrer Road. National Restaurant Association 2012, NRA products services, https://chooserestaurants.org/. Needle, D 2010, Business in context: an introduction to business and its environment, Cengage Learning EMEA, Waterford. Thompson, H 2001, International economics: global markets and international competition, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. This report on Operations Management of KFC was written and submitted by user Susan Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why You Should Use A Stadnardize Essay Paragraph Response Template

Why You Should Use A Stadnardize Essay Paragraph Response TemplateThe sample stadnardize essay paragraph resume template can be used by the individual to create a short paper or an essay. There are lots of students who would want to take this pattern and use it in order to create essays. This is one of the best resources you can use when you want to increase your ability in composing writing.Writing is a very important thing that needs to be done well. There are a lot of people who tend to struggle in this area because they do not have any good skills in composing this kind of essay. This is why they need to search for a better resource to help them get the skill to be able to write well.When looking for a good source that can help you create your stadnardize essay paragraph response, you can try to look in to the Internet. You will find a lot of sites that offer samples of essays that they have prepared for you. These are written from a grammar point of view but they can also includ e some tips and other important facts that you need to know. You will be able to find out if this can be a good source of resources or not.Most of the time when you look for a stadnardize essay paragraph respne template, you will find that there are various topics that you can choose from. There is also the option of using only one of these topics to make a complete paper. For instance, if you use an essay template about the different parts of the human body, you can choose the gender and the type of sex. In addition, you can write your stadnardize essay paragraph response about the human brain, the breathing process and other related topics.When you look for a stadnardize essay paragraph respne template, you should remember that it can help you create the same types of paper that you could write at school. In fact, you can even write and create the same kinds of essays as you did at school. This is why you should really try to go through the samples.In writing a stadnardize essay p aragraph response, you should know that it is important to have a list of the topics that you need to include. The list is essential because it will help you avoid going over some details that you need to include in your stadnardize essay paragraph. Another thing you should remember is that you should keep a pace that will allow you to finish the paper on time. Remember that this is not going to be a school project.When looking for a stadnardize essay paragraph respne template, you can try to use the internet. There are websites that can offer you samples of essays that they have prepared for you. You can use the sample stadnardize essay paragraph response to improve your ability in composing writing. You can also try to use the samples for brainstorming purposes.The samples can also be useful when you are going to look for a stadnardize essay paragraph response. They can help you identify the most interesting topics to write about. If you are lucky, you will find a few topics that you will be able to use as the main topic of your stadnardize essay paragraph. Remember that these are some of the many benefits of using a standardized essay paragraph respne template.

Essay Sample on Salem Witch Trials A Scientific and Historical Analysis

Essay Sample on Salem Witch Trials A Scientific and Historical Analysis The Salem Witch Trials, of 1692, occurred in Salem Massachusetts. This is a case where people accused other people of witchcraft. Salem was a town governed by strict Puritan religion, and to have such a charge labeled against you could cost you your life. According to Boyer and Nissenbaum, there were many worldly reasons for the events that happened so many years ago. In this essay, the authors make their findings based on scientific analysis and much historical research. Paul Boyer and Stephen argued that the Salem Witchcraft Trials took place because of the separation of the east and west, the choosing of the ministers of the church, and the agricultural and merchant interests. After much research, â€Å"Boyer and Nissenbaum took their list of accusers and accused the noted the location of each village resident on the map†(Boyer Nissenbaum 36). Geographically there was lots of evidence of this theory â€Å"Of the fourteen accused witches living in the village, twelve lived in the eastern section† (Boyer Nissenbaum 36). The whole trial episode seems to have come down to the fact that one side of the village accused the other side. â€Å"That was Salem Village’s uneasy relation to its social parent, Salem Town† (Boyer Nissenbaum 36). As the community grew farther away from the original settlement people began to want their own village. As a result, the new settlers wanted to have their own separate entity â€Å"with their own church, their own taxes, and their own elected officials† (Boyer Nissenbaum 38). This east-west division continued to grow and came to the breaking point over taxes, â€Å"Everyone paid taxes to su pport a minister for the town church, to maintain the roads, and to care for the poor† (Boyer Nissenbaum). The western part of the village commenced to try to break away and form their own town. This is well illustrated in the map that which Boyer and Nissenbaum drew up. The map showed the location of the accusers and the accused. â€Å"The map showed that more accusers lived on the western part of the town and the accused lived on the eastern part.† (Boyer Nissenbaum 37) Another major reason the Salem Trials took place was the choosing of a minister for the new village. â€Å"Not long after the village received the right to build its own meeting house, it settled down to arguing over who ought to preach from its pulpit† (Boyer Nissenbaum 38). James Bayley was the first selection of the house but had to be relieved after complaints were heard. â€Å"Bayley didn’t attend regularly to his private prayers† (Boyer Nissenbaum 38). George Burroughs relieved James Bayley in 1680 but had to leave after other numerous problems. Deodat Lawson than relieved Burroughs and lasted fours years. Samuel Parris than took over the job in 1688. â€Å"His term was equally stormy, and in 1696 his opponents finally succeeded in starving him out of the job by refusing to collect taxes to pay his salary† (Boyer Nissenbaum 38). Boyer and Nissenbaum discovered a major part of this dispute in the churches records. Boyer and Nissenbaum discovered th at the same names were being put together. â€Å"The people who supported James Bayley usually supported George Burroughs and then opposed the second two ministers† (Boyer Nissenbaum 40). The same was found for the other two also. â€Å"Conversely, the supporters of Deodat Lawson and Samuel Parris had been the people who complained about Bayley and Burroughs† (Boyer Nissenbaum 40). This was closely linked to the divisions of the accusers and accused. Salem town was a spot for commerce in New England; those living in the east part were living well. â€Å"By contrast the farmers in the western portion of Salem Village were tied closely to traditional agrarian life† (Boyer Nissenbaum 40). Those living on the east side wanted to close out everything but the western side. Also those people accused lived on â€Å"Ipswich Road, a route that passed by the village rather than through it, a main thoroughfare for travels and for commerce† (Boyer Nissenbaum 40). Those who lived outside of he precepts of Puritan standards were always in danger. Anyone who dressed flamboyantly or ran a tavern could be accused. â€Å"Two tavern keepers, John Proctor and Bridget Bishop, were hung as witches; Elizabeth Proctor barely escaped with her life; and Joshua Rea, another tavern keeper on the road, signed a petition defending Goody Nurse†(Boyer Nissenbaum 41). According to Boyer and Nissenbaum â€Å"Their reconstruction suggest that the Salem body politic was experiencing its own social analogue of conversion hysteria†(Boyer Nissenbaum 41). The conflicts that occurred here in Salem went from disagreements between three factions and lead to accusations of â€Å"a plague from the invisible world†(Boyer Nissenbaum 41). The farmers of Salem were determined to stop the merchants at any costs and as a result the charge of witchcraft was applied.

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Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation Essay

Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation - Essay Example ribed by Kouwenhoven et al as a means to resuscitate hearts that stopped beating, the intent was to use the procedure for sudden unexpected cardiac arrests in patients who were otherwise in good physiological condition. Kouwenhovens method of closed-chest cardiac compression improved the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) dramatically. In his first report of 20 patients undergoing CPR, Kouwenhoven had a 70% success rate (survival up to discharge). During the 40 years since the introduction of modern cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there have been many advances in the field of emergency cardiovascular care (ECC). Contrary to Kouwenhoven’s report, recent research has shown that people who experience traumatic cardiac arrest rarely survive outside the hospital. If the person has suffered blunt trauma, cardiac arrest prior to reaching the hospital carries a 99% mortality rate in spite of ongoing efforts at resuscitation after arrival at the hospital(Perina, 2005) . Approximately 1% to 6% of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ultimately survive the event, and although survival rates are somewhat better for in-hospital arrest patients, a recent comprehensive report observed that only 17% of these patients were discharged alive( Engdahl J,2002) Unsatisfactory results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures have for the most part attributed to its indiscriminate use. Various individual factors interfere with recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite the fact that the prediction of an individual outcome of such resuscitation is of great medical, ethical, and socio-economic interest, doubts about the decision whether or not to resuscitate a given patient, as well as about the consequences of either attitude, persist (Rogov, 1995). This decision should not be made only at the moment of cardiopulmonary arrest, but should also take the previous medical condition of the patient into account (Landry, 1992). Cardiopulmonary

Policing functions paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policing functions - Research Paper Example The agencies have separate agendas, motives and responsibilities and they follow separate protocols but all operate with the main aim of attaining the objective of providing security and peace to the US society. In US there are different roles of different policing agencies which they conduct at their own level and these roles have a major impact on the overall society of US. Body The primary and the most basic function of all policing agencies are to ensure that the laws are enforced, offenders are brought to justice, crime is prevented, peace and discipline is preserved and they even operate to provide various other services to the society of US. Several of the functions carried out by the law enforcement agencies tend to coexist and are similar in nature. For example: While policing officials try to maintain order within the society, they may conduct arrests of those individuals who are indulged in anti-social behavior. The ultimate aim of all policing agencies is to deter crime f rom occurring in future. Policing Functions and Evolution There are various policing organizations that operate at the federal level, these organizations include: the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) and DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) (Pollock, 2012, p.90). FBI happens to hold a premier position and it is involved in the process of obtaining and providing facts as well as evidence for cases that are taken fall in the constituency of federal jurisdiction. According to the mission statement provided by FBI, its main functions are to safeguard the region of United States against threats that are terrorizing in nature and threats that may be poised by international intelligence. They even conduct the function of upholding and enforcing laws that are created to fight crime in the region of US and they even provide services to fight crime at the local, state and the federal level and to provide similar services to foreign partners. Th e FBI has evolved over the years since its inception, before the attacks that took place during the period of 1993 as well as 1995; the agency was unaware of terrorist plots that were being created at the national and the international level against the US. After these incidences, the organization expanded and several offices of the organization were created throughout the US and started providing educational services in the field of law enforcement to both local and international communities. For example: during the period of 1994, the organization assisted in the creation of ILEA (The International Law Enforcement Academy) (FBI, 2013). Later due to the 9/11 bombings on the World Trade Center buildings and other government buildings resulted in changing the structure of FBI (Walker, 2011, p.526). Due to this even the USA patriot Act was enacted to assist FBI by increasing their power to fight terrorist activities (FBI, 2013). During the period of 2007, further changes were made to FBI as new procedures were created for the field officers of the organization so terrorism could be countered in an effective and efficient manner. Another level at which policing in US operates is the state level of policing. In state level of policing each state have a separate police department and these police departments along with their officers have control over the entire state. Police at the state level are required to conduct investigations that are

The Depletion Of Global Oil Reserves Environmental Sciences Essay

The Depletion Of Global Oil Reserves Environmental Sciences Essay The literature review summarized the research done on the problem that global oil reserves are depleting day by day and there is a dire need to find out and utilized alternate energy options especially for a developing country. The depletion of global oil reserves has led to conflicts between the nations and soaring of prices. Oil is the main source of energy and developing countries are facing lot of problems due to shortage of oil in providing their populations better living standards. The literature also covered situation of shortage of oil reserves and energy crises consequent to it. It identifies main consumers of oil in a country and alternate energy resources that could possibly be worked on to meet the energy requirement through sources other than oil. DEPLETION OF GLOBAL OIL RESERVES The API estimated in 1999 the worlds oil supply would be depleted between 2062 and 2094, assuming total world oil reserves between 1.4 and 2 trillion barrels and consumption at 80 million barrels per day. In 2004, total world reserves were estimated to be 1.25 trillion barrels and daily consumption was about 85 million barrels, shifting the estimated oil depletion year to 2057. The US EIA predicted that world consumption of oil will increase to 98.3 million barrels per day in 2015 and 118 in 2030. With 2009 world oil consumption at 84.4, reaching the projected 2015 level of consumption would represent an average annual increase between 2009 and 2015 of 2.7% per year while EIAs own figures show declining consumption and declining supplies during the 2005-2010 period. The worlds oil supply is fixed because petroleum is naturally formed far too slowly to be replaced at the rate at which it is being extracted. Over many millions of years, plankton, bacteria, and other plant and animal matter become buried in sediments on the ocean floor. When conditions are right a lack of oxygen for decomposition, and sufficient depth and temperature of burial these organic remains are converted into petroleum compounds, while the sediment accompanying them is converted into sandstone, siltstone, and other porous sedimentary rock. When capped by impermeable rocks such as shale, salt, or igneous intrusions, they form the petroleum reservoirs which are exploited today. 3.2 ENERGY SECTOR IN PAKISTAN Energy is considered as one of the most important inputs to economic growth and development. Its consumption is also one of the significant indicators of the level of development of any country. It is now well recognized that energy services play a crucial role in enhancing social and economic development. Energy has become an engine of economic growth at local and global level. It is needed worldwide for fostering and sustaining development process perspective of developing or developed states of the economy. Keeping in view the global economic growth coupled with an increase in population, the demand for energy is bound to increase and meeting this demand poses serious challenges at the global level. In coming decades, the demand for energy is expected to grow more rapidly in developing countries. Since independence, the central thrust of Pakistans energy policy has been on augmenting the countrys energy system. As a result of significant planning and public investment, there has been substantial expansion of energy sector. Despite the significant development in the energy sector, Pakistan yet suffers from energy shortage. This situation has been increasingly viewed as a bottleneck to industrial and agricultural sectors that in turn are seen critical in stimulating the economic and social development. Being a developing country, Pakistan has faced the challenge of fueling industry and agriculture sectors adequately for meeting growth targets and providing energy at affordable prices to poor especially those living in the rural areas. The availability of energy at affordable prices can be a major factor that determines a whole array of other productive activities leading to economic growth. NATIONAL ENERGY MIX Energy sector in Pakistan comprises electricity, gas, petroleum, coal and nuclear power. The share of natural gas in primary energy supplies during 2010 reached 45 percent followed by oil (28 percent), hydro electricity (15 percent), coal (10 percent) and nuclear electricity (2 percent). As can be seen Pakistan is dependent on oil and Gas, which together contribute around 73% of the total primary energy supplied. 3.4 POWER GENERATION, SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION AND CONSUMPTION The total installed capacity generation during 2006-07, was 19,440 MW. WAPDA generated 11,363 MW of which, hydle accounts for 56.9 percent or 6,463 MW, thermal accounts for 43.1 percent or 4,900 MW. IPPs generation was 5858 (MW) which constituted 30% of total installed capacity. KESC with 1756 (MW) contributed 9.1% share and nuclear added 2.4%.Number of WAPDA consumers stood at 17 million out of which household accounted for 84%,commercial 13%and industrial and agricultural1.4%each. As on 30th June, 2007 industrial sector consumed 26%, agriculture 12%and households 43% besides commercial and others. The annual per capita electricity consumption in Pakistan is around 320kwh, and this only caters for 60 percent of the population. Forty percent of Pakistanis still have no access to electricity. There is currently load shedding of up to 700 MW a day because of shortage poor transmission capabilities. Electricity demand is expected to grow by eight per cent a year during the period 2005 2015, requiring an annual installation capacity of about 2000 MW for the next 10 years. Currently about 45% of Pakistans power supply is based on natural gas, 28% on oil, 15% on hydro and remaining on coal, nuclear and renewable electricity. Keeping in view the current power mix, it is essential to concentrate on indigenous and cost effective sources for power generation. 3.5 CURRENT ENERGY GAP IN PAKISTAN Pakistan is currently facing electricity shortfall of around 4000-9000 MW. Everyone agrees that an essential precondition for industrial development is an uninterrupted supply of power.The installed capacity for generation of electricity in the country is 11,500 MW of which 82.7 per cent was thermal; 15.3 percent was hydroelectric and 2 percent was nuclear. Pakistan needs to sustain an annual economic growth rate of at least 6 to 7 percent to alleviate poverty and realize desirable socio-economic and human development. To achieve the growth target of GDP, it is absolutely essential that the minimum electricity growth rate is maintained. The provision of adequate and reliable supply of electricity at a reasonable cost is a prerequisite to attain this goal. Power is the prime mover. Any big push of the economy would need accelerated power development. But there is a likelihood that Pakistans current economic growth might not sustain in the absence of consistent and continuous devolvement of new power projects. 3.6 REVIEW OF PAKISTANS ENERGY PORTFOLIO Looking at the power portfolio of Pakistan it looks as if we are living in an oil rich country. Presently, Pakistan has lot of oil fired power plants. Continuous hike in furnace oil prices can make them unviable in near future. But even if circumstances are not extreme, even if there are no upheavals in producing countries, no terrorist attacks and supply disruptions, the prices will keep going up. Why? Because there is a fundamental imbalance for oil in the world economy. Production is just enough to meet demand. There is no spare capacity to take care of unforeseen shutdowns, supply disruption or a further rise in demand. Such an unbalance power profile carries serious repercussions. An evenhanded power portfolio would require a fair balance among various sources of power with no excessive reliance on any. One of the few matters which must be considered in establishing the power portfolio is that excessive reliance on any single source especially foreign source on which we have no control over supply and price can make things miserable any time. Oil import bill of more than $ 7 billion or around 50% of foreign exchange reserves of a developing economy with no hopes of creating exportable surplus in the near future is undoubtedly very alarming. As 28% of the power generation is based on oil therefore any hindrance in the transportation of oil can cause severe damage to the economy. In short, time has proved that the best solution for all such problems is encouragement and development of indigenous resource. Many countries, including the developed and emerging economies, have adopted extensive programs for increasing hydle and coal based power into their energy portfolios. It would not be wrong if we say that continuous negligence of indigenous resource has made Pakistans power policy directionless. This negligence, absence of priorities and focusing on expensive foreign fuel has made cheap electricity and self reliance a day dream. Pakistan is fortunate enough to have two cheap indigenous resources for power generation i.e. water and coal. But it is sheer bad luck that we have not been able to use both of these resources effectively. Estimated coal reserves of Pakistan are around 185,175 million tons which is one of the largest coal reserves of the world whereas their utilization for electricity generation is barely ten percent. Essentially indigenous coal-based power will bring various benefits for Pakistan; first and foremost benefit would be immense savings in foreign exchange on import of expensive oil. Coal based power plants are labor intensive and will create thousands of new jobs and various other new business opportunities at plant site in particular and in Pakistan in general. ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PAKISTAN Like any other country, energy is vital for the economic development of Pakistan. Energy should not only be available but it must be ensured that it is available at a reasonable and affordable price and with out any interruption. For a developing country, like Pakistan where the main stress is on the poverty alleviation, energy plays a positive role. It is imperative that energy production should be environment friendly. More over a mix of energy sources will be helpful in diversification of the sector and would ensure the provision of this vital resource where it is required. The stage of economic development and the standard of living of individuals in a given region strongly influence the link between economic growth and energy demand. An increased use of energy, either through natural gas or electricity, impacts favourably on the living standards of the poor as they then spend less time looking for alternative forms of fuel such as firewood. Similarly, the provision of electricity to the rural areas can help in raising productivity levels of small-scale industry thereby indirectly raising income levels and in the longer term improving the quality of life for the rural poor. Rural electrification is important because it brings to the rural areas the benefits that urban consumers take for granted -an improvement in the standard of living with the associated socio-economic benefits. Provision of electric power also has a purely economic outcome that of increasing the productive capacity of the rural areas with increases in agricultural output. 3.7 PAKISTAN ENERGY SECURITY PLAN AND ENERGY MIX Pakistan historically has been subjected to energy demand suppression due to limited supplies and lack of infrastructure development for provision of energy to the industrial sector. The non availability of sustained and affordable energy to industry has suppressed economic growth and created declining tendency for industrial investment in the country. It is now more important then ever that an adequate supply be made available to industry to drive economic growth, and create employment opportunities. Energy has also to be made available to the domestic sector and the life line segments of society to provide economic support and the convenience of clean fuel for cooking and heating and prevent the continuing environmental degradation and deforestation by massive use of wood for domestic fuel. The commercial availability to various sector of the economy will help in increasing job opportunities, enhancing agriculture productivity, improving standard of living and preserving environmen t through reducing deforestation. A long term integrated National Energy Security Plan, covering the period up to 2030 has recently been approved by the Government vide Mid Term Development Framework (MTDF). The energy sector development is aimed at (i) enhancement in the exploitation of hydropower, and exploration and production activities of oil, gas and coal resources, and to increase the share of coal and alternative energy in the overall energy mix, (ii) optimum utilization of the countrys resources base to reduce dependence on imported oil through an institutionalized strategy, (iii) creating an environment conducive to the participation of the private sector, and (iv) developing the local energy scenario in the context of regional perspective. The current energy mix includes 28 percent oil, 45 percent natural gas, 10 percent coal, 15 percent hydro and 2 percent nuclear. By 2015, the share of oil and gas is targeted to be reduced to 25 percent and 42 percent respectively with corresponding increases in the shar e of coal to 12 percent, hydro to 17.6 percent, renewable to 1 percent and nuclear to 3 percent. Over the long term, the increase in other sources of energy, has been targeted with substantial reduction in the share of oil. EXISTING ENERGY RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN THE CONVENTIONAL RESOURCES 3.8 HYDROPOWER The identified hydro power potential of Pakistan is 46,000 MW, out of which only 14 per cent (6,500 MW) has been exploited so far. Despite this big potential, no hydro power project has been established by WAPDA since Tarbela Dam. The most feasible and economical project Kala Bagh Dam has become so controversial that it could not take off though successive governments wished so. There are plans to develop the hydro resources on a large scale through storage and run -of-the-river projects. Feasibility studies of several projects have already been prepared, while studies of several additional projects are in progress or planned. Hydro is one of the major economic energy supply options in Pakistan for increasing the energy security of the country. The experts caution that for the time horizons of around 100 years, hydro storage projects are non -renewable due to the silting of these reservoirs. For example, over the last 30 years, the storage capacity of Tarbela dam has been reduced by 27 per cent due to silting. Similarly, there is a world wide concern over the dislocation of population and the environmental hazards associated with large dams. Another issue related to the hydro power is that a large number of additional sites with major potential exist in the mountainous North, but the difficulty of access and the high cost of transmission to the populous South make the idea into a completed project a distant prospect. Not only, it means additional cost to build the transmission infrastructure but at the same time a huge loss occurs during the transmission (it is estimated to be between 28 to 30 percent). Another problem is the seasonal variation, where in winter the generation is reduced due to shortage of water in the storages. However, hydro is still the most economical energy resource in Pakistan. 3.9 OIL AND GAS There are considerable oil and gas reserves in Pakistan. The crude oil reserves are estimated at 27 billion barrels including 300 million barrels proven reserves. The level of production is presently 22.6 million barrels compared with the level of consumption of 100 million barrels. The natural gas reserves are 8 trillion cubic meters including the proven reserves of 0.8 trillion cubic meters. The level of production is presently 93 million cubic meters per day compared with the level of consumption of 82 million cubic meters per day. The oil sector has all along been heavily dependant on imports of about 85 percent of the national requirement. Annually about 7.8 million tonnes of crude oil, 5.2 million tonnes of oil products and 2.8 million tonnes of coal are being imported. The local production of oil and gas would start declining due to depletion of resources. There would also be a deficit of gas unless considerable contribution is made from new discoveries. In case the gap is not met through indigenous supply, there will be need to import gas, and the requisite infrastructure would have to be placed in a timely manner. 3.10 COAL Pakistans coal resources are estimated at 185 billion tonnes (82,700 MTOE, or 2 per cent of the world coal resources), out of which 95 per cent are in the Thar coal field in Sindh. This coal is of lignite rank having high moisture content and low heating value. So far only 3.3 billion tonnes of coal resources are in the measured category, and considering a recovery factor of 60 per cent, these correspond to some 2.0 billion tonnes of recoverable coal reserves. However, this coal is equivalent to the combined oil reserves of Saudi Arabia and Iran. As part of the strategy of increasing local energy content, a major emphasis is being placed on exploiting coal resources for large-scale use in power generation, and possibly for the production of coal bed methane. 3.11 NUCLEAR ENERGY Pakistan has two nuclear power plants, Chashma-1 and Kanupp, with 300 MW and 125 MW respectively, of installed capacity. The PAEC operates both nuclear plants. Pakistan is currently working on a third nuclear power plant (Chashma-2), with the help of China National Nuclear Corporation. The plant will have 325 MW of installed capacity expected to be completed by 2012. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATE ENERGY Energy is one of the most important issues for all governments world over. Developed states need energy to sustain their advanced way of life and to cater to the every-changing needs of life dictated by technology. Developing countries need energy for it is the sine qua non for development. Alternative energy has been the most recent addition to the academic and practical aspects of the energy world. The concept is relevant but its importance is absolute. Developed states have begun to manage their energy sector in an increasingly alternative energy based perspective and, this has a great lessons for a country like Pakistan which is aspiring to develop into a healthy economy with an improved quality of life for its citizens. The theory and use of alternative energy is at the most introductory stage in Pakistan. However, in terms of resources and use of alternate energy, Pakistan stands well placed to employ this novel concept in the national policy framework Alternative or renewable energy, sources show significant promise in helping to reduce the amount of toxins that are by-products of energy use. Not only do they protect against harmful by-products, but using alternative energy helps to preserve many of the natural resources that we currently use as sources of energy. The Alternate Energy Development Board (AEDB) has been established to facilitate development of renewable energy projects. At least 5 per cent of the total electricity generating capacity of the country is targeted to be based on these sources by the year 2030. To understand how alternative energy use can help preserve the delicate ecological balance of the planet, and help us conserve the non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels, it is important to know what types of alternative energy can be brought into reality in Pakistan. Renewable sources of energy like wind power, solar, geothermal energy, wave and tidal power, biomass energy, hydrogen and fuel cells, as well as hydropower are alternatives to fossil fuel and regarded as alternative sources of energy. 3.12 WIND POWER Wind power is one of the earliest forms of energy used by humankind. Windmills were used on farms in the early part of the twentieth century to pump water and generate electricity. Now considered an alternative energy source, wind power is being harnessed by modern windmills with lighter, stronger blades. In US states such as California, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Montana, up to several hundred windmills may operate together in open areas with steady winds. Single giant windmills capable of providing electricity to several thousand homes are also operating in the United States. With new technologies being developed to improve windmill performance and efficiency, wind power is a promising, clean, cheap, and abundant source of energy for the future. The wind power captured by turbines at is a source of energy that does not harm the environment. Wind energy harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of wind turbines. The rotation of turbine blades is converted into electrical current by means of an electrical generator. In the older windmills, wind energy was used to turn mechanical machinery to do physical work, like crushing grain or pumping water. Wind towers are usually built together on wind farms. Now, electrical currents are harnessed by large scale wind farms that are used by national electrical grids as well as small individual turbines used for providing electricity to isolated locations or individual homes. Wind power produces no pollution that can contaminate the environment. Since no chemical processes take place, like in the burning of fossil fuels, in wind power generation, there are no harmful by-products left over. Since wind generation is a renewable source of energy, Pakistan will never run out of it. Farming and grazing can still take place on land occupied by wind turbines which can help in the production of bio-fuels. Wind farms can be built off-shore. Since 2001, global wind capacity has nearly doubled to 47,760 megawatts and is cheaper than natural gas even without subsidies; on good sites, wind is even closing in on coal. Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10000MW, yet power generation through wind is in intiaial stages in Pakistnan and currently 06 MW has been installed in first phase in Jhampir through a Turkish company and 50 MW will be installed shortly. More wind power plants will be built in Jhampir, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim Karachi. 3.13 SOLAR POWER Energy from the Sun is a free, abundant, and nonpolluting source of energy. Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity, using sunlight hitting solar thermal panels to convert sunlight to heat water or air. Pakistan has potential of more than 100,000 MW from solar energy. Buildinn of solar power plants is underway in Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. However, private vendors are importing panels/solar water heaters for consumption in the market. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) is working for 20,000 solar water heaters in Gilgit Baltistan. Mobile companies have been asked by theh government to shift supply of energy to their transmission towers from petroleum to solar energy panels. 3.14 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Geothermal energy harnesses the heat energy present underneath the Earth. Hot rocks under the ground heat water to produce steam. When holes are drilled in the region, the steam that shoots up is purified and is used to drive turbines, which power electric generators. If done correctly, geothermal energy produces no harmful by-products. Once a geothermal plant is build, it is generally self-sufficient energy wise. Geothermal power plants are generally small and have little effect on the natural landscape. Geothermal energy is the natural heat generated in the interior of Earth and released from volcanoes and hot springs or from geysers that shoot out heated water and steam. Reservoirs of hot water and steam under Earths surface can be accessed by drilling through the rock layer. The naturally heated water can be used to heat buildings, while the steam can be used to generate electricity. Steam can also be produced by pumping cold water into rock that is heated by geothermal energy; such steam is then used to produce electric power. Geothermal energy is an important alternative energy source in areas of geothermal activity, including parts of the United States, Iceland, and Italy. Homes in Boise, Idaho, are heated using geothermal energy, as are most buildings in Iceland. The Geysers in California is the largest steam field in the world and has been used to produce electricity since 1960. Unlike solar energy and wind power, however, the use of geothermal energy has an environmental impact. Chemicals in the steam contribute to air pollution, and water mixed with the steam contains dissolved salts that can corrode pipes and harm aquatic ecosystems. 3.15 TIDAL AND OCEAN ENERGY The rise and fall of ocean tides contain enormous amounts of energy that can be captured to produce electricity. Tidal power cab be extracted from Moon-gravity-powered tides by locating a water turbine in a tidal current. The turbine can turn an electrical generator, or a gas compressor, that can then store energy until needed. Coastal tides are a source of clean, free, renewable, and sustainable energy. Plans are underway in Pakistan to harness tidal energy, however, no implementation has been made so far. 3.16 AGRICULTURE BIOMASS/BIODIESEL Biomass production involves using garbage or other renewable resources such as sugarcane, corn or other vegetation to generate electricity. When garbage decomposes, methane is produced and captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs from biomass/biodiesel in the world, followed by USA. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) of Pakistann has planned to generate 10 MW of electricity from municipal waste in Karachi followed by similar projects in twenty cities of country.